245(i) adjustment allows certain individuals to obtain permanent residence without leaving the United States, even if they entered illegally or have other immigration violations. This provision requires having been the beneficiary of a petition filed by April 30, 2001, plus meeting specific physical presence requirements. The process involves paying penalty fees and extensive documentation, but offers families the chance to avoid separation and consular processing abroad. Success requires thorough case evaluation and careful preparation of evidence, particularly proving qualifying petitions and historical presence in the United States.